Chapter 04: Anatomy and Physics

The outer ear begins at the _____ and ends at the _____.

The eustachian tube in infants and young children is:

The middle ear begins at the _____ and ends at the _____.

Which nerves pass through the area of the ear? (check all that apply)

The organ of balance is called the _____ portion of the hearing organ.

The EAC is encased in:

Relief from ear pressure results in the function of the _____.

Ossicular order is:

The EAC is:

The semicircular canals: (check all that apply)

The cochlea makes _____ turns by the time it reaches the apex.

There are spiral ganglia in the inner ear.

The smallest bone in the human body is the:

The latin name for duct is:

The helicotrema is located at the _____ of the _____.

The latin name for pouch is:

The round window is positioned at:

Each semi-circular canal ends in an:

The cochlea is comprised of _____ ducts (scalae) which are the _____ and _____.

A nerve approaches the brain or leads away from the brain. An afferent travels _____ the brain while the efferent nerve travels _____ the brain.

The cochlear duct is filled with _____ fluid.

The scala tympani and vestibuli contain _____ fluid.

At the base of hair cells, you will find the _____.

The long, straight, thin membrane separating the vestibular duct (scala vestibuli) from the cochlear duct is the _____.

The tectorial membrane rests near the apex of the hair cells.

Stria vascularis is bathed in _____.

The _____ is covered by the tectorial membrane.

The Organ of Corti is composed of three parts. In general terms, they are: (check all that apply)

Outer and inner hair cells are separated by: (check all that apply)

Outer hair cells resemble:

Inner hair cells resemble: (check all that apply)

The end tip of the tectorial membrane is found:

Hair cells’ sensorial stereocilia are bathed in:

Deiter’s cells are: (check all that apply)

The tectorial membrane lays below the inner spiral sulcus.

Inner hair cells are positioned:

Outer hair cells are positioned: (check all that apply)

The cell bodies of hair cells are located in a _____ compartment.

IHC nerve endings are:

OHC nerve endings are:

Hair cells are fully developed _____.

OHCs and IHCs have regenerative potential.

There are _____ IHCs and _____ OHCs.

The NPAP carries messages from:

The PAP carries messages exclusively from the _____ to the brain.

PAP nerves end in the:

The PAP is made up of _____ relays.

The first relay occurs in the cochlear nuclei in the _____.

At the first relay, the auditory nerve, which has Type _____ spiral ganglion axons, decode _____, _____, and _____.

The second relay is found in the _____.

At the third relay, a third neuron carries the auditory message to the mesencephalus where sound is _____.

Which center of the brain is known to process sensory information?

The final PAP links _____ to the auditory cortex where it is _____ and _____.

The NPAP is responsible for:

The main function of these neural pathways is to: (check all that apply)

Sound is defined as:

Sound is further defined as:

Sound radiates:

I equals:

The energy twice as far from a source is spread over _____ times the area.

The energy 25 times as far from the source is spread over _____ times the area.

Sound must have a _____ in order to transmit its energy. (check all that apply)

A sound wave is both _____ and _____. (check all that apply)

Intensity equals:

The measurement of sound’s intensity is most commonly denoted by:

The logarithm is the power of ten of the sound intensity expressed as a multiple of the threshold of hearing intensity.

If an intensity of sound is 100,000 times the threshold of sound, the intensity is 10 raised to the fifth power. Thus, the decibel level is:

If an intensity of sound is 1,000,000 times the threshold of sound, the intensity is 10 raised to the 6th power. Thus, the decibel level is:

JND is the:

Intensity, measurable, is:

The rule of thumb for loudness is that the power of a sound must be increaed by a factor of _____ to sound twice as loud.

Equal intensity sounds have equal loudnesses to the ear.

he basis for the use of Phons to measure loudness is a particular frequency. That frequency is _____ Hertz.

If a given sound is perceived to be as loud as a 60 dB sound at 1000 Hz, then it is said to have a loudness of 60 phons.

60 phons means “as loud as a 80 dB, 1000 Hz tone.”

The range for orchestral music is _____ to _____ phons.

If 40 phons equals one sone, then 50 phons of loudness equals _____ sones.